The present study was conducted in order to evaluate the efficacy of formalin-petrol and formalin petrol JP4 in comparison with formalin-ether in diagnosis of protozoa and helminth in STOOL EXAMINATION. In this regard, 156 Giardia lamblia and 38 Hymenolepis nana positive fecal specimens were collected and examined with aforementioned methods. The results indicated that, sensitivity of formalin-petrol, formalin-petrol JP4 and formalin-ether in diagnosis of G.lamblia were 96.29%, 96.29% and 98.73% respectively while in diagnosis of H.nana the sensitivity were measured as 97.43%, 100% and 95% respectively. Generally, no significant difference was found among these three techniques in diagnosis of G.lamblia and H.nana. It seems that petrol can be a good substitute for ether in formalin-ether technique. In addition, availability and cost of formalin petrol is much more appropriate than formalin-ether, so it can be recommended for human STOOL EXAMINATION.

Background & Objectives: Intestinal parasitic infections are the most prevalent infections in humans in developing countries. The most common method of diagnosis of intestinal parasites in health card applicants is using three STOOL samples for microscopic EXAMINATION. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the need for routine delivery three STOOL samples to check for intestinal parasites in health card applicants who refer to Eghbal health center of Urmia city.Material and Methods: In this cross-sectional study samples were collected by way of census from 2774 health card applicant, who refer to Egbal health center during 2014. All samples were examined based on direct STOOL smear method using normal saline. The results of one turn STOOL EXAMINATION were compared with the results of three times STOOL test using proportion (Z) test.Results: In this study 8322 STOOL samples were examined. The Positive rate of infection with intestinal parasites after three STOOL sample EXAMINATION was 0.8%. Diagnosis of intestinal parasitic infections in different times showed that 90 % of these infections were detected by examining the first specimen submitted.Conclusions: Our findings showed that one turn STOOL tests, instead of testing three times in asymptomatic health card applicants who refer to urban area for different times to renew their documents, are highly recommended.

Background: Infestation of the gastrointestinal tract with parasites is one of the commonest causes of the digestive tract syndromes especially in developing countries. The aim of present study to determine the incidence of parasitic infestation in the STOOL specimens in pediatric age group. Methods: STOOL specimens of all the children referred to Children's Medical Center in Tehran, regardless of their clinical complaint, in the last 13 years, are examined microscopically. Findings: 14.27% of 64196 specimens were positive regarding parasites, isolated Giardia lamblia being 7.54%. Positive STOOL specimens of boys related to girls were more frequent. Conclusion: The incidence of infestation with Giardia is remarkable and regarding the possible complications of infestation, more intensive hygienic teaching of the public is recommended to prevent the expansion of the infestation.

Introduction. Giardiasis is one of the health problems in the world including Iran. To determine the biochemical and biological problems and also identification of various strains, it is essential to obtain pure culture and then mass production of Giardia lamblia. The goal of this study was to isolate this protozoa purely.Methods. Giardia lamblia cysts were isolated from 50 STOOL samples by use of floating of a four - layer of sucrose method. The cysts were transfered to an inducing solution. Subsequently, they were cultured in a modified culture medium (TYIS-33). Following excystation of trophozoite and its multiplication, the parasite was caltured and purified.Findings. Excitation of trophozoite was observed in 40 samples (80 percent) from which 22 samples (55 percent) yielded pure culture. The doubling time was approximately 13hr and the peak of parasite was observed between third and fourth days.Conclusion. The proliferation and growth rate of Giardia lamblia have enabled us to use this method widely. Cystein and ascorbic acid which are present in the induction solution, have a key role in excystation of trophozoite. Purification and passage of samples has facilitated the culture of this parasite in vitro. Therefore this method has yielded better results in comparison with other studies. This is probably due to a decrease in the amount of bovine bile or using different strains of Giardia lamblia in the present study.

Background: We aimed to evaluate different copro-preservation conditions along the duration of one month for a better outcome of molecular diagnosis of Cryptosporidium species. Methods: Ten samples out of 380 fresh STOOL samples collected from patients with diarrhea proved positive after direct EXAMINATION, concentration, staining and confirmed by immunochromatographic test. The study was conducted at the Diagnostic and Research Unit of Parasitic diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University at the time interval from July 2014 to December 2015. Each STOOL sample was preserved in five different conditions; freezing at-20 º C, 70% ethyl alcohol, 10% formalin, 2. 5% potassium dichromate (K dichromate) at 4 º C and 2. 5% K dichromate at room temperature (RT). Then DNA extraction and nested PCR, with Cryptosporidium oocyst wall protein (COWP) gene were done from each sample at zero time (fresh specimens) as a standard for comparison with the preservation conditions at 10, 20 and 30 d. Results: Sensitivity of studied preservative conditions along the whole study duration showed best outcome from freezing at-20 ° C (80%) then K dichromate (4 ° C) (73. 3%) followed by K dichromate (RT) (66. 7%), then alcohol (33. 3%), while formalin was the worst (0%) with a highly significant comparative outcome between the different conditions. Along the three extraction intervals, K dichromate (RT), unlike all the rest of conditions lacks the consistent preservative action. Conclusion: Our study highlights freezing at-20 º C to be the most suitable condition for preservation followed by K dichromate at 4 ° C, K dichromate at RT, then 70% ethyl alcohol. Formalin (10%) is better to be avoided.